学术资讯｜哲珠科技哲学论坛第十六讲：康德的科学哲学观念

Jure Zovko（尤瑞·佐夫科）, 德国弗莱堡大学哲学博士，克罗地亚扎达尔大学哲学教授，曾任克罗地亚科技部副部长（1993-2000），2008年当选国际哲学院（IIP，巴黎）院士，2010年当选国际科学哲学院（AIPS，布鲁塞尔）院士，2010年当选国际黑格尔学会副会长，2021年同时当选国际哲学院（IIP）和国际科学哲学院（AIPS）主席，其研究领域包括诠释学、古希腊哲学、德国唯心论和科学哲学，出版德文和英文著作多种。

The question of how to supplement the mechanical explanation of causes and the world was to represent an innovation in the field of science. It is important to emphasise that Kant's teleology has not been overtaken by the modern biosciences if it is understood in the sense of an "inner purposefulness that characterises the organism".[1] Kant claims that the power of judgement presupposes a system of nature according to empirical laws. It is important to characterise the structure of nature, as Kant describes it, through divisions into genera and species, "which makes it possible for our power of judgement to find consensus in the comparison of natural forms and to arrive at empirical concepts" (Kant AA, XX, 230). From the point of view of the living, the "inner purposefulness" of organic living beings proves to be our lifeworld, which cannot be made plausible on the basis of mechanical laws, but is unlocked by the reflective power of judgement. Biological, objective purposefulness remains the pivot of reflective judgement, which on the one hand implies the scientific practice of research into the final cause, and on the other brings the understanding of the world of life, the crown of which remains man with his moral dignity.

如何补充机械解释以及世界的原因问题被视为科学领域的创新。需要强调的是，如果理解为“以内在目的性为特征的有机体”，康德的目的论并未被现代生物科学取代。康德认为，判断力的能力前提是根据经验法则的自然系统。重要的是要以康德所描述的方式来描述自然的结构，通过将其分为属和种，这样才能通过比较自然形式和形成经验概念的权威性来实现我们的判断力的共识。从生命的角度来看，有机生物的“内在目的性”证明了我们的生活世界，这不能通过机械法则来解释，但可以通过反思性的判断力来解决。生物学上的客观目的性仍然是反思判断的关键，一方面意味着研究最终原因的科学实践，另一方面也带来了对生命世界的理解，其中的巅峰是具有道德尊严的人类。

来源｜哲珠新媒体

海报｜张秋帆

编辑｜丘小燕

初审｜韩　珩

审核｜卢　毅

审核发布｜屈琼斐