学术资讯｜政治哲学工作坊第四十九讲：上帝的余晖：康德，黑格尔与从天堂到历史的通路

ABSTRACT

The central topic of this lecture is secularization. Rather than treating secularization as a result of forces from outside religion, it looks at it endogenously, from the point of view of the tension between faith and reason within monotheistic religion itself. This leads to the great problem of rational theology: the justification of the goodness of the world in the face of the existence of (apparent) evil. Kant developed a distinctive, “post-Lisbon” theodicy, centred on human agency and responsibility, directed towards an afterlife of reward and punishment by a just God. Guided by this, I present revisionist (or, as I would prefer to say, corrective) re-readings of some of the great central themes of German Idealist philosophy: Kant’s theory of freedom; the categorical imperative; Hegel’s conception of Geist and history; amongst others.

摘要

本讲的中心议题是世俗化。 本讲不把世俗化当作宗教以外的力量的结果，而是从内生的角度看待它，即一神论宗教中信仰与理性间的紧张关系。 这导向了理性神学的重大问题： 面对（明显的）邪恶的存在，如何证明世界的善性。 康德发展出一种独特的、“后里斯本 ”的神正论，以人类的能动性和责任为中心，指向一个由公正的上帝奖惩的来世。 据此，我提出对德国唯心主义哲学中一些核心主题的修正主义（或毋宁说纠正性）解读： 康德的自由理论、绝对命令以及黑格尔的灵魂和历史概念等。