学术资讯｜全球正义讲座第三十三讲：论关系性

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/ Abstract /

What is the significance of relationality for moral life? In this paper, I offer several answers to this question by considering what human needs can teach us about relational morality. In doing so, I draw on feminist care ethics and relational theory to explore four issues. I start by demonstrating how the problem of human needs reveals the relational nature not only of moral agency but also of interests, harm, and moral judgment. Next, I expose the tensions that exist between conceptualizations of needs as a fundamental feature of what it means to be human and needs as politically determined, as well as the resulting implications for relations of moral responsibility. Along this vein, I examine what human need, understood constitutively, occludes about relational power and demonstrate how the creation and maintenance of need for certain subjugated populations challenge established notions of moral obligation. I also ask how relational power makes some forms of need more socially legible—heightening their perceived moral salience for dominant groups, while occluding other forms of need in and beyond the human world. Finally, and by way of conclusion, I illustrate how the forgoing needs analysis underscores the necessity of holding in view the complex interaction between interpersonal relations, social relations, and structural relations when determining the nature of relational morality.

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/ 摘要 /

关系性对道德生活的意义是什么呢？ 本讲我将就关系性道德来说，考察“人类需求”能教给我们什么，以期提供上述问题的答案。 如此一来，我将援引女性主义的关怀伦理和关系性理论来探讨下述四个重要议题。 首先，我将证明有关“人类需求”的问题，如何揭示不只是道德能动性，还有利益、伤害以及道德判断的关系的本性。 随后，我将揭示存在于将“需求”概念化为人之为人的基本特征与将其概念化为政治性地被决定的（东西）之间的张力，以及（由）这一张力（产生）的道德责任之关系的含义。 依循此脉络，我将考察以构成性的方式理解的“人类需求”对于关系性权力的遮蔽，并演示特定“被支配人群”之“需求”的创造和维持是如何挑战既定的道德义务观念的。 我还将提出如下问题，即关系性权力如何使某些形式的“需求”在社会意义上更加清晰可辨： 提高它们被支配性群体感知到的道德显著性，同时遮蔽在人类世界以及超乎人类世界的其他形式的“需求”。 作为结论，最后我将阐述上述有关“需求”的分析，强调了在确定关系性道德之本性时，必须考虑人际关系、社会关系和结构关系之间的复杂的交互作用。