学术资讯｜比较哲学工作坊第三十五讲：有神论之外的“恶的问题”

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Department of Philosophy (Zhuhai)，Sun Yat-sen University

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The Problem of Evil beyond Theism (Virtual）

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Franklin PERKINS, Professor, 

Department of Philosophy University of Hawaii at Manoa

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Jun-Hyeok KWAK, Professor, 

Department of Philosophy (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University

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March 30. 2023 9:00

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892-756-946

　　The classical problem of evil centers on a question about God: if God is all powerful and perfectly good, why is the world God creates imperfect? That is, why would such a God allow the existence of evil? In the paper, I argue that this question should be seen as just one particular manifestation of a broader issue. Across almost all world religions, one finds the claim that good people end up rewarded and bad people are punished. This claim has no intrinsic connection to theism, as it can be made in terms of karma or even in terms of natural causality. If we take the empirical basis of the problem of evil to be the fact that that bad things sometimes happen to good people or that bad people sometimes end up with flourishing lives, then this problem exists for many religions and in many cultural contexts. This paper attempts to describe and categorize responses to this basic problem across a number of traditions, particularly in Chinese philosophy. I argue that the problem of evil ultimately expresses the tension between human values and the fact that the world we live seems indifferent to them.

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中山大学哲学系（珠海）

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有神论之外的“恶的问题”

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Franklin PERKINS（方岚生）

夏威夷大学马诺阿分校哲学系教授

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Jun-Hyeok KWAK （郭峻赫）

中山大学哲学系（珠海）教授

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2023年3月30日9:00

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腾讯会议 892-756-946

　　经典的恶的问题集中在一个关于上帝的问题上： 如果上帝是全能全善的，为什么祂创造的世界是不完美的？ 即： 为什么上帝允许恶的存在？ 在本文中，笔者认为这个问题应该被视为一个更广泛问题的具体表现。 在世界上几乎所有的宗教中，都能找到这样一种说法： 好人终有好报，而坏人会被惩罚。 这种主张与一神论并无内在联系，因为它可以通过因果报应（karma）甚至自然因果关系来表达。 如果我们把有关恶的问题的经验基础视作一个事实——坏事有时会发生在好人身上，而坏人有时却能得以善终，那么这个问题在许多宗教和许多文化背景中都存在。 本文想要描述并分类不同的传统文化背景对这一基本问题的回应，尤其聚焦中国哲学传统。 笔者认为，恶的问题最终表现为人类的价值与其生活的世界对这些价值漠不关心的事实之间的张力。