政治哲学工作坊第四十七讲：弗朗切斯科•帕特里齐的德性共和国：意大利文艺复兴时期的贤能政治

ABSTRACT

This is a lecture on a major political philosopher, Francesco Patrizi of Siena, who has been overlooked in modern scholarship, however who deserves to rank among the great political thinkers of the Renaissance: Thomas More and Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini and Jean Bodin. His political philosophy is a form of ‘realist idealism’ analogous to the political counsels of Guicciardini, but more learned and systematic.  Patrizi’s greatest work, On Founding Republics (1471), addresses questions of contemporary relevance, including how to create a competent political class marked by good character and devotion to the common good, and how to order public deliberation to elevate the voices of the wisest and best citizens. Patrizi was the first political philosopher to explore the full potential of urban planning to shape civic values and to facilitate a free way of life. He is the first Western thinker to advocate universal literacy among the citizen class. His proposals to limit the political power of the wealthy, protect the poor from debt slavery, establish a standing citizen army, and reduce the political independence of the clergy were radical in his day and are still so in ours. 

摘要

本讲关注一个重要的政治哲学家： 锡耶纳的弗朗切斯科•帕特里齐。 他被现代学术忽视，但却理应跻身于伟大的文艺复兴政治思想家之列，与托马斯·莫尔，马基雅维利，弗朗切斯科·圭恰迪尼，让·博丹等思想家并列。 他的政治哲学是一种“现实主义的理想主义”，类似于圭恰迪尼的政治劝言，但更加渊博和系统。 帕特里齐在其最伟大的作品《论共和国的建立》中，提出了一系列贴合当代的问题，包括如何创造一种有能力的政治阶级——这种政治阶级以良善的品性和其对共同善的奉献为特征，以及如何安排公共审议来提升最具智慧的和最好的公民的声音。 帕特里齐是第一个探索城市规划的全部潜力以塑造公民价值和促进自由生活方式的政治哲学家。 他也是第一个在公民阶级中倡导普遍识字的西方思想家。 他关于限制富人政治权力，保护穷人免于负债奴役，建立起一种公民常备军以及减少神职人员政治独立性的方案，在他的时代是激进的，在我们的时代也是如此。