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论王阳明的“心体之乐”

内容提要： 在王阳明哲学中，“心体之乐”是一个十分重要但未受到足够重视的概念，指的是意念与良知相一致之时所拥有的情感体验。 深入考察阳明对于这一概念的直接表述，可发现该思想具有暗而不显但又确实存在的两重内涵： 一者为意念有所刻意、执着地与良知相一致之时所达致的“诚意之乐”，另一为意念自然而然地与良知相一致之时所获得的“一体之乐”。 就“诚意之乐”而言，这种心理体验以警惕、戒惧为其运作动力，并以安宁平和、快然自足为其核心内容。 不过，该情感终归是不究竟、不完善的。 关于这一点，不仅庄子早已有所明见，而且还在明代知识分子的学术论辩和思想主张中有所反映。 就“一体之乐”而言，这种心理体验的运作方式是自然，核心内容则是生生； 并且，后者在“观物之乐”与“一体同仁之情”两个方面有所展现。

关键词： 王阳明； 心体之乐； 诚意之乐； 一体之乐

On the Concept of “Joy of the Original Substance of the Mind” in Wang Yangming’s Philosophy

Abstract:  In Wang Yangming’s philosophy, “joy of the original substance of the mind” is a concept of great importance yet often neglected, indicating the emotional experience that arises when intention aligns with innate knowledge. A thorough examination of Wang Yangming’s direct articulation of this concept reveals its dual implication, which is subtle yet undoubtedly existing. One is the “joy of sincere intention”, achieved through deliberate and persistent alignment of intention with innate knowledge, the other is the “joy of unified harmony”, attained when intention naturally aligns with innate knowledge. As for the “joy of sincere intention”, this psychological experience is driven by vigilance and caution, with tranquility, equanimity, and self-satisfaction as its core elements. However, this emotional state is ultimately imperfect. On this matter, not only did Zhuang Zi already have clear insights, but it also finds reflection in the scholarly debates and intellectual assertions of Ming Dynasty intellectuals. As for the “joy of unified harmony”, this psychological experience operates naturally, with vitality as its core content; moreover, the latter is demonstrated in the aspects of “joy in observing things” and “a spirit of universal benevolence”.

Keywords:  Wang Yangming; joy of the original substance of the mind; joy of sincere intention; joy of unified harmony